Iikati liqela lezilwanyana eziye zakwazi ukufumana indawo yazo kwikhonkco lokutya ngenxa yokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye, kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, izakhono zabo zokuzingela. Umzimba wohlobo ngalunye ulungiselelwe ukuba ulandele, ubaleke kwaye umangalise ixhoba lawo.: ukusuka kwiikati ezincinci ezihlala nabantu ukuya kwihlosi elimangalisayo.
Noko ke, kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela baye banotshaba olubabeka esichengeni: umntu. Kwi-Noti Gatos siza kuphonononga I-11 kwezininzi ezisengozini yokuphela (okanye ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela) iikati zasendle ezikhoyo namhlanje, kwaye siya kongeza ezinye iintlobo ezincinci ezingaziwayo kodwa ezisengozini kakhulu, ngaphezu kokuchaza kutheni zingundoqo kwi-ikhosistim nento eyenziwayo ukubakhusela.
Ingca
ICaracal (Isidumbu senyama yayo), yikati yasendle ehlala kwiindawo ezinamathafa kunye neentlango zelizwekazi laseAfrika nakwintshona yeAsia. Sisilwanyana esingafumanekiyo nesisodwa esihlala ngokufihla phakathi kwamatye emini sizingele izilwanyana ezincinci ebusuku. Ukutsiba kwakhe nkqo kuyamangalisa, ukukwazi ukudubula iintaka zibhabha ngokupheleleyo.
Nangona ikhuselwe ngoku kwiindawo ezininzi zaseAfrika, kuMbindi weAsia besesengozini enkulu ngenxa yokuzingela ngaphandle kwemvume, ungquzulwano malunga nokubulawa kwemfuyo, kunye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala. Ukugcinwa kweepaseji zendalo kunye nokuthintela impindezelo yemfuyo amanyathelo angundoqo ukugcina abantu abaphilayo.
Andes ikati
Ikati yeAndesI-Leopardus jacobita) Ithathwa njengenye yezona ndawo zisongelwayo emhlabeni, kwaye yenye yezona zinqabileyo eMzantsi Melika, usukaphi. Ihlala kwimimandla yeentaba zeAndes, phakathi kweemitha ezingama-3000 5000 ukuya kuma-XNUMX XNUMX ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Uyincutshe kwiindawo ezinamatye nezibharhileyo., apho ilandela amaxhoba afana neevizcachas neempuku zaseAndean.
Namhlanje, zingaphantsi kwama-2500 XNUMX iisampulu endleImithombo eyahlukeneyo ekhethekileyo kunye nomanyano lolondolozo luqikelela ukuba bangaphezu nje kwewaka abantu abadala abaqolileyo, ngoko ke i-subpopulation nganye ixabiseke kakhuluEzona zoyikiso ziphambili kukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxa yemisebenzi yokuhluza, ukuzingela, kunye nefuthe lemfuyo; Amanyathelo anoluntu oluphezulu lwase-Andean, kunye nokujongwa komgibe wekhamera, banike idatha engapapashwanga kunye neendlela ezithatha inxaxheba zolondolozo.
Ikati yesanti
Ikati yesanti okanye ikati entlango (UFelis margarita) yeyona mazi incinci kusapho, inobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-3,5kg. Ihlala kwintlango enesanti, njengaleyo yaseSahara, Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan nasePakistan, izimela emini kwaye ukuzingela iimpuku ebusukuIindlebe zabo ezinkulu, ezisezantsi zinceda ukutshisa kunye nokuva kumhlaba oyisanti.
Esona sisongelo sakhe ngumntu, ozingela ukuze athengise njengesilwanyana ngokungekho mthethweni okanye ngoboya baso. Inkxaso-mali yasePakistan, UFelis margarita subsp. scheffeli, usengozini enkulu. Imfundo ngokusingqongileyo, ulawulo lokurhweba ngezilwanyana zasendle kunye nokukhuselwa iindawo zokuhlala zeendunduma zibalulekile.
Ikati yokuloba
Ikati yokulobaI-Prionailurus viverrinus), isilwanyana esihlala e-Asia, ngokukodwa ukusuka e-Bali ukuya e-Indiya kunye nokusuka eJava ukuya e-Indochina. Ilungele ukuhlala kufuphi nemilambo, i-mangrove, imigxobhozo, kunye nemilambo, kwaye ayilibazisi ukungena emanzini ukuze ibambe intlanzi nanini na xa ilambile. Ubomi babo busemanzini kwaye inenwebu phakathi kweenzwane ukudada ngcono.
Nangona iinzame zokusindisa ekutshabalaleni zisanda, Ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala, ukutyhefwa ngengozi, kunye neemeko apho umboniso ubhajwa kwiminatha yokuloba, ibeka esichengeni le kati intle kakhulu. Ukubuyiselwa kwemigxobhozo, ulawulo lokuloba oluzinzileyo, kunye nokusebenza noluntu olusecaleni komlambo zizinto eziphambili ngolondolozo.
Ingwenkala
Ingwenkala (Acinonyx jubatus), eyona ntaka inemendu ehlabathini, ifikelela kwisantya esiphakathi kwe-95 ne-115 km/h (59 kunye ne-70 mph) kugqatso olufikelela kuma-400-500 eemitha. Imvelaphi yaseMntla Melika kumaxesha angaphambili, yafudukela kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, apho ihlala khona ngoku. Impumelelo yayo ixhomekeke kwindawo evulekileyo, ixhoba eliphakathi kunye nokhuphiswano oluphantsi. namanye amarhamncwa amakhulu.
Nangona sisilwanyana esikhawulezayo kakhulu, asinakwenza nto ngokuchasene nabantu. Siyathemba ukuba baya nayo kumyezo wezilwanyana, kodwa ulusu lwayo lusetyenziselwa ukwenza iimpahla, iibhegi, izihlangu, nezinye. Kukho malunga nama-7100 kuphela imizekelo eseleyo endle.. Ukongeza, ukulahleka kwamadama kunye nokungquzulana nabafuyi velisa impindezelo. Amanyathelo okuhlalisana, i-inshurensi yemfuyo, kunye neendawo ezikhuselweyo ezidityanisiweyo zingundoqo.
Ingonyama emhlophe
Ingonyama emhlophe (Panthera leo krugeri) ngu utshintsho olunqabileyo kumbala kwindawo yaseTimbavati, eAfrika. Ineempawu ezifanayo nengonyama ebomvu, ngaphandle kombala woboya bayo. Inqabile kakhulu, ngoko ke abazingeli abangekho mthethweni bahlala bejonge ukuyifumana. Ayilohlobo olwahlukileyo, kwaye Ekuthinjweni, ukuzala kwabo kunokubandakanya umngcipheko wokuzalana. ukuba ayilawulwa ngokungqongqo ngokwemfuza.
Ukubakhusela nokuzama ukwandisa inani labemi, iinkqubo zolondolozo ziyenziwa igxile ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lokuzingela kunye nokuqinisekisa i-metapopulations edibeneyo neentlobo ngeentlobo zemfuzo ezaneleyo.
Ingwe yekhephu
Ingwe yekhephu okanye irbis (I-Panthera uncia) sisilwanyana esizalelwe kwiintaba eziphakamileyo ze-Asia esembindini, apho sihlala khona kwiimitha ezi-6000, yiyo loo nto kungaziwa kangako ngayo. Ukuzifihla kwayo kunye nokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga yenza kube nzima ukufunda.
Ayifani nezinye iikati, idayari, oko kuthetha ukuba izingela zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana emini, kubandakanya neenkomo, yiyo loo nto amafama ngamanye amaxesha eyibulala. Kukwanjalo wazingelwa ulusu lwakhe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba zimalunga nama-4000 iisampuli endle, yiyo loo nto igqalwa njengezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela. Ukudalwa kwee-corridors ezinqamlekileyo, iiprojekthi kunye nabelusi kunye ukhenketho olunoxanduva ukuqaphela kunceda ukusinda kwabo.
Ingwe yeAmur
Ingwe yeAmur (I-Panthera pardus orientalis) Zezona zinqabileyo zinqabileyo zengwe ezikhoyo kwaye zezona zikwimeko embi, ukususela Kukho iikopi ezingaphantsi kwama-60 kwiSikhote-Alin Reserve (eSiberia). Yayikhe yafunyanwa kwiPeninsula yaseKorea, kumntla-ntshona weTshayina, nakumazantsi-mpuma eRashiya. Namhlanje, abantu abancinci kakhulu kwakhona China, phantsi kolawulo ngokudibeneyo ekhuthaza iindawo ezikhuselweyo umda.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba ubuncinane imizekelo engama-60-70 eyongezelelweyo iya kufuneka ukuyisindisa ekubhangisweni. Ukuze kuphunyezwe oku, kuqiniswa amaxhoba asendle, kuliwe ukuzingelwa ngokungekho mthethweni, yaye kuyasetyenzwa uqhagamshelwano lwendawo yokuhlala kunye nemfuza yabemi.
I-lynx yaseIberia
I-lynx yaseIberia, I-Lynx pardinus, yinyamakazi yasendle efumaneka kuSingasiqithi weIberia. Ngoku, bathathu kuphela abantu abangama-300 abasele eAndalusia kunye nabanye abantu abali-15 eMontes de Toledo. Esi silwanyana sodwa, esi silwanyana sihle sihlala sixakekile ebusuku, sizingela ixhoba laso ngokulichwechwela de likwazi ukutsiba. Ukutya kwayo kuxhomekeke kumvundla waseYurophu, ngoko ke ukwehla kweli dama kulichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo.
Ngelishwa irhamncwa liyazingelwa kwaye lihlala liqhutywa ngabantu, njalo usengozini enkuluNdiyabulela kwiinkqubo zokufuya kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona, ukunqumla izilwanyana zasendle, kunye nokusebenza nabanini-mhlaba wasemaphandleni, utyekelo luye lwaphucuka kwaye udidi lwayo lwezoyikiso luye lwaba luncinci ngakumbi kunencopho yalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufa ezindleleni kunye nempilo yemivundla kuseyingxaki enkulu.
UMargay
Umargay, okwabizwa ngokuba yikati yengwe, itigrillo, icaucel, okanye imaracayá, negama lakhe lezesayensi I-Leopardus wiediiUkhozi luphuma kumazwe aseMerika, ukusuka eMexico ukuya kumazantsi oMzantsi Merika. Yenye yeemazi ezimbalwa eziye zaqhelana nokuphila emithini, njengoko inomsila omde kakhulu kwaye ikwazi ukujikelezisa amaqatha ayo ukuhla ukusuka kuwo kuqala, kanye njengoonomatse. Ubomi bayo bubonakala bungenasiphelo, evumela ukuba isebenzise i-niches encinci esetyenziswa zezinye iifelines.
Ukuphulukana nendawo yokuhlala yeyona ngxaki yabo iphambili, ngokutsho kweWWF. Ukongeza koku kukuthengiswa kwezilwanyana zasendle ngokungekho mthethweni; amaphulo emfundo nolawulo lokugawulwa kwemithi zibalulekile ukugcina abantu abasempilweni.
Ingwe yeSumatra
Ingwe yaseSumatran (I-Panthera tigris sumatraeI-subspecies yehlosi ifunyanwa kuphela kwisiqithi saseSumatra, e-Indonesia, apho ihlala emahlathini asethafeni nakwimimandla ephantsi. Lelona hlosi lincinci ngomzimba, iqhelene neentshinyela zamahlathi.
IiNgwe Ziyenye yezona ntaka zisengozini yokuphela., ukususela Kukho kuphela ama-3890 kwindawo yawo yendalo ngokwe-WWF.. Ukuqhubela phambili kwezolimo kutshabalalisa indawo yokuhlala, abathengisi boboya babulala iisampulu ezininzi ngonyaka, iisampulu ezininzi ziphelela kumyezo wezilwanyana okanye kwizandla ezingalungangaE-Sumatra, ukwandiswa kwamasimi (afana ne-oil palm) kunye nokuqhekeka kwamahlathi kufuna ukomelezwa. Iipaseji zehlathi, iipatroli ezichasene nokukhangela kunye nokuhlalisana noluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
borneo ikati
Ikati yaseBorneo (ICatopuma badia) isilwanyana esihlala kwisiqithi saseBorneo kunye enye yezona zincinci zifundwe kwihlabathiAbemi bayo abaqolileyo baqikelelwa ukuba bangaphantsi kwamawaka ambalwa abantu, kwaye bayehla. Ihlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo kwaye ibonakala ikuphepha iindawo eziphazamiseke kakhulu.
Ijongene nezoyikiso ezifana ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuqhekeka kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nokuzingela ngaphandle kwemvume eyayanyaniswa norhwebo olungekho mthethweni lwezilwanyana zasendle kunye noboya. Ukudalwa kweendawo ezisebenzayo ezikhuselweyo, ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwemihlaba yehlathi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhamera zekhamera kunye nokulandelwa kwe-GPS kunika idatha. ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwayo.
Ikati enentloko ecaba
Ikati enentloko ecaba (Prionailurus planiceps) uhlala kwimigxobhozo nakwimimandla engaselunxwemeni loMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, ingakumbi kwiimangrove. Indlela yabo yokuphila yasemanzini ukakayi lwayo olukhethekileyo luyayahlula phakathi kweemazi; itya intlanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezifumaneka kwiindawo ezikhukulisekileyo.
Ukuthotywa nokutshatyalaliswa kwemigxobhozo, kunye ne ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kunye nongcoliseko, baye babona abemi bawo behla. Uqikelelo lwabantu abaqolileyo lukhomba kwinani elimalunga namawaka amabini, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukungxamiseka ukubuyisela iimangrove, ukulawula ukubanjiswa, kunye nokukhusela iipaseji eziselunxwemeni.
Ingwe egqunywe ngamafu
Ingwe eMafu (Neofelis nebula) uhlala kumahlathi eHimalaya nakuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Idweliswe njengobuthathaka ngenxa yokudibanisa ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuzingela ngaphandle kwemvumeUboya, amathambo namazinyo azo axatyiswa ngokungekho mthethweni, yaye ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyabahlukanisa abemi bawo.
Ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lufuna iindawo ezikhuselweyo ezidityaniswe kakuhle kunye namanyathelo achasene nokuzingela, ukongeza ekusebenzeni noluntu lwasekuhlaleni ukuvavanya indima yabo njengabalawuli bamadama emahlathini.
Ikati ye-Iriomote
Ikati ye-Iriomote (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) luhlobo oluthile lwezilwanyana olusuka kumzantsi-mpuma weJapan olunabemi incinci kakhulu, ngaphezulu kwekhuluIhlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo nakwimigxobhozo eselunxwemeni, inovelwano kutshintsho kusetyenziso lomhlaba.
Ijongene nokubulawa kweendlela, izifo eziveliswayo, kunye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala. Iinkqubo zolondolozo zasekuhlaleni, iimpawu zendlela, kunye nokufundiswa kokusingqongileyo kuye kwaphunyezwa. izigxina zokuzinzisa inani labo.
Ikati yaseScotland
Ikati yaseScotland (UFelis silvestris grampia) luhlobo oluthile lwekati yasendle yaseYurophu ehlala eSkotlani. Imeko yayo inzima ngenxa ye ukuxuba kunye neekati zasekhaya kunye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala.
Iinzame zijolise ekukhuselweni kwamahlathi endalo, ukulawulwa kwe-hybridization kunye iinkqubo zokuzala kunye nokukhululwa ukubuyisela imfezeko yemfuza yomnombo.
Ingwe yaseMalaysia
Ingwe yaseMalaysia (I-Panthera tigris jacksoni) igcina abantu abambalwa kakhulu basendle, abantu abangaphantsi kwamakhulu amabini. Ihlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo akuSingasiqithi waseMalaysia.
Ezona zoyikiso zinkulu kukuzingelwa ngokungekho mthethweni nokulahleka kwamahlathi. Ukujikeleza okunzulu, ubuntlola ngokuchasene nothungelwano lokurhweba ngabantu ngokungekho mthethweni, ukubuyiselwa kwamadama kunye nokwandiswa kwe iipaseji zebhayoloji ziintsika zokuchacha kwabo.
Izisongelo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo
Phakathi kwezizathu ezichaphazela kakhulu iifelines zasendle zezi: ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxa yokwanda kwezolimo, ukufudukela ezidolophini, ukugawulwa kwemithi, kunye nemigodi. Oku kunciphisa indawo yabo yokuhlala, kunqumla iindlela zokusasazeka, kunye kunciphisa impumelelo yokuzalaUkuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni, okuqhutywa kukubaluleka kwesikhumba namalungu omzimba okanye ukulwa nemfuyo, kongezelela ingcinezelo enganyamezelekiyo.
Utshintsho lwemozulu lutshintsha ii-isoclines ezishushu kwaye lutshintshe imijikelo yokuna kwemvula, ngakumbi ezichaphazela iintlobo zeentaba ezinjengekati yase-Andean kunye nengwe yekhephu. Kwimigxobhozo yetropikhi, ukwahluka kwamanzi kunye nongcoliseko kuyahambelana kumarhamncwa asemanzini njengekati yokuloba kunye nekati enentloko ecaba.
Enye isoyikiso yehlabathi lifuthe le feral yasekhaya ikati kwiziqithi kunye ne-ecosystem eethe-ethe: ubukho babo bunxulunyaniswa nokutshabalala kwezilwanyana ezininzi kunye nokuncipha kweentaka zaselwandle kunye nezirhubuluzi. Izicwangciso zokulawula uxanduva, kunye nolawulo lwekoloni kunye nemfundo yoluntu, zi kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umphumo wayo.
Ukuphendula, izicwangciso eziyimpumelelo zimiselwe: ukwandiswa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo kunye neepaseji, iipatroli ezichasene nokuzingela, ukugcinwa koluntu, umgibe wekhamera kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-GPS, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala. Xa ezi projekthi ziyimpumelelo, i-co-benefits ibonwa, njenge Izityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi, ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni, ukufumaneka kwamanzi kunye nokuphuculwa kweendlela zokuphila zasekuhlaleni ngokhenketho lwendalo kunye nemisebenzi yohlaza.
Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uncede?
Njengommi, ungenza umahluko ngokuxhasa imibutho yolondolozo ezikhusela iimazi kunye neendawo zazo zokuhlala ngeminikelo okanye ngokuzithandela. Ukuzazisa kunye nokwabelana ngomxholo oyinyaniso kuphakamisa ulwazi loluntu, kunye nokukhetha ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo (umzekelo, ngokunciphisa iimveliso ngeoli yesundu engaqinisekanga) inceda ukunqanda ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi.
Khetha ukhenketho lwendalo olunenkathalo kunye nabaqhubi abazinikeleyo, kuphephe ukufumana izilwanyana zasekhaya ezingaqhelekanga kunye Ungaze ukhuthaze urhwebo ngezilwanyana zasendleUkuba uhlala kufuphi neendawo ezineenyamakazi, sebenzisana neeprojekthi zasekuhlaleni, iimpawu zentlonipho, kwaye unike ingxelo ngokubonayo kwabasemagunyeni bendalo; idatha yabemi zixabiseke kakhulu kwisayensi.
Ukucamngca
Andingethandi ukuphelisa eli nqaku ndingaqalanga ndacinga ngokufutshane. Zininzi izilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela (okanye ezisengozini yokuba njalo), kwaye uninzi lwamaxesha kungenxa yokuba abantu bayawathatha amakhaya abo. Njengoko inani labantu likhula, inani lezilwanyana zasendle liyancipha, Nto leyo eneentloni.
Kodwa asitshabalalisi ikhaya labo kuphela, sikwafuna ukuba basigcine sinenkampani, engabonakali ingqiqweni kum. Ukucaphula ummeli wezilwanyana owaziwayo: izilwanyana zasendle azizizo izilwanyana zasekhaya. Asinakho ukwenza ngathi ikati yesanti okanye i-lynx ngumhlobo wethu njengokuba ikati yasekhaya okanye inja inokuba yiyo, kuba abafuni ukuba kunye nathi, kodwa kwindawo yabo yendalo.
Uhlobo ngalunye olukhankanywe apha luyadibana imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-ikholoji, ukulawula inani lamaxhoba kunye nokugcinwa kwamatyathanga okutya apho ezinye izilwanyana ezitya inyama kunye ne-scavengers zixhomekeke kuzo. Ngokuwakhusela, sikwakhusela amahlathi, imigxobhozo, neentaba ezihlutha ikharbhon, ezilawula amanzi, nezinika uluntu lwasekuhlaleni amathuba. Ukuba senza ngokukhawuleza, ngolwazi, kunye nekonsathi, sisexesheni ukuqinisekisa ukuba la matye anqabileyo endaleko ayaqhubeka ehlala kwiplanethi yethu kunye nokuba izizukulwana ezizayo zinokuwancoma ngokukhululeka.