Ngaba ikati yi-omnivore okanye i-carnivore? Lo ngomnye wemibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo phakathi kwabo bahlala neekati kwaye bafuna ukubabonelela ngeyona ndlela yokutya. Nangona ekuqaleni kubonakala ngathi yingxoxo elula, impendulo inzima ngakumbi kunokuba ibonakala kwaye ibandakanya ukuhlalutya i-evolution, i-anatomy, i-metabolism, inkqubo yokugaya, kunye neemfuno zesondlo sekati yasekhaya. Ukuba ufuna ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimpawu ezithile zesondlo zeefelines, apha uya kufumana isikhokelo esineenkcukacha kunye nesehla, ukudibanisa ulwazi lwamva nje kunye nolwazi oluqinisekisiweyo.
Kutheni kukho ukuthandabuza malunga nokutya kwekati?
Ingxoxo malunga nokuba iikati ziyi-omnivores okanye i-carnivores ikhulile kwiminyaka yamuva nje, ngenxa yokunyuka kokutya okunye kunye nokunyuka kolwazi kwisondlo sezilwanyana. Ukutya okuninzi kwezorhwebo kubandakanya izithako ezisekelwe kwizityalo, ezikhokelela abanye ukuba bakholelwe ukuba iikati zinokuba yi-omnivores. Nangona kunjalo, I-physiology ye-Feline kunye nokuziphatha kubonisa ukhetho olucacileyo kunye nesidingo senyamaUkuqonda ukuba kutheni oku kubalulekile ekukhetheni ukutya okufanelekileyo kumaqabane ethu eekati.
Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya kwabantu kunye neekati: uthelekiso
Ukuze uqonde uhlobo lokutya kweekati, kuyanceda ukuthelekisa inkqubo yazo yokwetyisa kunye neyabantu, abazii-omnivores.
Abantu Ziyakwazi ukuginya kwaye zityise zombini izilwanyana kunye nemveliso yezityalo. Inkqubo yabo yokwetyisa iqala ukugaya emlonyeni ngenxa yesenzo samathe kunye ne-mastication. I-bolus yokutya idlulela esiswini apho iijusi zesisu ziqhubeka ziqhekeza izondlo. Amathumbu amancinci, malunga Iimitha ezi-8 ubude, ivumela ukufunxa izondlo ixesha elide. Ekugqibeleni, amathumbu amakhulu afunxa amanzi kunye neevithamini ngaphambi kokuphelisa inkunkuma. Ukwetyisa komntu kucotha ngokwentelekiso, kuhlala phakathi 2 kunye neeyure ezisi-4 okanye nangaphezulu kuxhomekeke ekutyeni.
Inkqubo yokwetyisa yekatiNoko ke, ilungelelaniswe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Iijusi zabo zesisu zinamandla ngakumbi Kwaye izisu zabo zidla ngokuba ne-pH ene-acidic ngokukodwa, ilungele ukwetyisa inyama ekrwada, i-offal, kunye namathambo, kunye nokuphelisa iibhaktheriya kunye nezifunxi-gazi ezikhoyo kwixhoba elitsha okanye elibolileyo. Ukuhamba kwamathumbu kuyakhawuleza, kwaye ithumbu lekati lifutshane kakhulu ngokulinganayo (malunga ne-4-5 ubude besilwanyana), nto leyo ebonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle ekutyeni izixa ezikhulu zefiber okanye iicarbohydrates ezintsonkothileyo ezikhoyo kwizityalo.
Iimpawu ze-anatomical kunye neemvakalelo ezityhila ikati edla inyama
Los amazinyo ekati Zichongiwe kwaye zibukhali, zenzelwe ukukrazula inyama kunye nokuchoboza amathambo kwixhoba elincinci. Umhlathi uhamba kuphela kwaye uhla, ngokungafaniyo ne-omnivores njengabantu, abanokwenza ukunyakaza kwecala ukutyumza imifuno; kwiikati, le ntshukumo ayikho.
Ukongeza, iikati zine ulwimi olurhabaxa (egqunywe nge hook-like papillae) ezivumela ukuba zikrazule inyama emathanjeni kwaye zicoce uboya bazo. Iinzipho zabo ezihlehliswayo, ukubona kakuhle ebusuku, kunye nokuphuhla kokuva kubenza amarhamncwa asebenzayo kakhuluZonke ezi zilungelelaniso zibonisa ibhayoloji edla inyama ekhethekileyo ekuzingeleni nasekutyeni inyama.
Ngokuphathelele ukhetho lweemvakaleloIikati zinencasa yokungcamla ezimbalwa kunezinja kwaye aziphenduli kwincasa eswiti, njengoko zingenazo izamkeli ezinxulumene neswekile. Noko ke, zisabela ngamandla kwiincasa ezinetyuwa, ezimuncu nezikrakrayo, ingakumbi iiamino acids ezifumaneka enyameni. Ngaphaya koko, zikhetha ukutya kubushushu obufana nobo bexhoba elisanda kuzingelwa, phakathi kwama-38°C kunye nama-40°C.
I-metabolism yenyama kunye neemfuno ezibalulekileyo zesondlo
Imetabolism yekati ilungelelaniswe ukufumana amandla kunye nokugcina imisebenzi yabo ebalulekileyo kwiiprotheni zezilwanyana kunye namafuthaNangona banokutya ukutya kwezityalo, imfuno yabo yezondlo ezibalulekileyo inokuhlangatyezwa kuphela ngemithombo yezilwanyana.
- Iiamino acid ezibalulekileyoIikati zifuna i-arginine kunye ne-taurine, ezifumaneka kuphela kwizicubu zezilwanyana. I-Taurine ibaluleke kakhulu kumbono, ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nokuzala. Ukunqongophala kweTaurine kunokukhokelela kubumfama kunye neengxaki ezibulalayo zentliziyo.
- Ii-acid ezifanelekileyoI-Arachidonic acid ifumaneka kuphela kumafutha ezilwanyana kwaye iyimfuneko kwimpilo yeenkabi.
- Iivithamini ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambiliIikati aziyiguquli i-beta-carotene kwi-vitamin A esebenzayo, ngoko ifuna i-vitamin A ngokuthe ngqo kwinyama yezilwanyana okanye isibindi.
- Vitamin D: Azihlanganisi ivithamin D eyaneleyo ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ngoko ke ziyifumana enyameni.
- iNiacin (ivithamin B3): Imetabolism yabo ixhomekeke ekuthatheni rhoqo, kuba abanako ukudibanisa ngokwaneleyo kwi-tryptophan.
Ezi mfuno zikhethekileyo zenza ukuba ikati ihlelwe njenge i-carnivore engqongqoNangona inokwetyisa ixabiso elincinci lemifuno, ayinakuze iphile ngokutya okusekwe kwimifuno okanye iinkozo kuphela.
Ukuziphatha kokutyisa kunye nelifa lemvelo lekati yasekhaya
Ikati yala maxesha yasekhaya (Felis silvestris catus) yavela kwikati yasendle yase-Afrika, isilwanyana esizimelayodwa kwaye ikakhulu ebusuku. Kwimeko yayo yendalo, uzingela amaxhoba amancinci amaninzi ngosuku (iimpuku, iintaka, izirhubuluzi, kwanezinambuzane), ukutya ukutya okutsha okutyebileyo emanzini, kwiprotein, amafutha kunye neeminerali. Le ndlela yokutya inefuthe labo kwimetabolism kunye nokuziphatha kwangoku.
La ukuba bhetyebhetye kwindlela yokutya Ukwahluka kwekati yasekhaya kuyaphawuleka: nangona ixhomekeke ebantwini ngokutya kwayo, ubukhulu becala igcina imvelo yayo yasendle. Oku kuzibonakalisa kwimidlalo yokuzingela, ukukhetha izahlulo ezincinci ezisasazwa kwizidlo ezininzi, kunye nokuqonda okuqinileyo komhlaba (ukwahlula phakathi kokulala, ukondla, kunye neendawo zokuphelisa).
- Ithuku lokuzingela: Ukudlala ngokuchwechwa, ukutsiba nokubambisa ixhoba okanye izinto zokudlala yinto engatshintshiyo.
- Umsebenzi wasebusuku: Thatha ithuba lobusuku ukuze usebenze ngakumbi kwaye ukhangele okanye uzingele, njengokuba ubuya kwenza endle.
- Ukutya ngokwemfuno: Ukhetha ukutya iinxalenye ezincinci imini yonke.
- Uphendlo lwaBucala kunye noKhuseleko ngokuchasene namarhamncwa: Ukhetha iindawo ezikhuselweyo ukuze azikhulule kwaye afihle iimpawu zobuthathaka.
Indlela yokutya yekati yasekhaya ihambelana namava ayo, indawo yayo, kunye nokukhethwa kokutya okukhoyo, kodwa isiseko sebhayoloji kunye nendaleko sihlala sifana.
Inkolelo yekati ye-omnivorous kunye nendima yokutya kwezorhwebo
Inkolelo yokuba ikati ingaba yi-omnivorous iye yavela ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba Ukutya okurhweba kunye nokutya kudla ngokubandakanya izithako zezityalo. Nangona iikati zikwazi ukugaya i-carbohydrates ethile ngamanani amancinci, imizimba yabo ayizange ivelise ngokupheleleyo i-enzymes efunekayo ukucwangcisa umthamo omkhulu wesitashi okanye i-fiber. Ukwengeza, Ukutya okuziinkozo okugqithisileyo okanye iimveliso zemifuno zinokubangela ukutyeba, isifo seswekile, iingxaki zokugaya ukutya kunye nokunqongophala kwesondlo..
Nangona kunjalo, inani elilinganiselweyo lemifuno okanye i-grains ekutyeni kunokubonelela ngefiber, ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwamathumbu emathunjini, kunye nokunceda ukukhusela iibhola zeenwele, kodwa kufuneka zihlale zihamba kunye nomxholo ophezulu weprotheni yezilwanyana zomgangatho oqinisekisiweyo. Isithako esiphambili sokutya kwekati kufuneka sihlale siyinyama., nokuba kuluhlobo lwesisipha, i-viscera, intlanzi okanye ukutya okomileyo / okumanzi okutyebileyo kwiprotheni yezilwanyana.
Iintlobo zezilwanyana ezizidlayo kunye nokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba yinyamakazi engqongqo
Kwi-ecology yezilwanyana kunye nesondlo, iindidi ezininzi ze-carnivores ziyahlukaniswa, kwaye kubalulekile ukwazi ukuhlelwa kweekati:
- Izilwanyana ezidla inyama: Njengenja, nangona ikhetha inyama, ingaphila (nangona ingachumi kakuhle) kwizidlo ezixubeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana.
- Ukutya ngokungqongqo: Njengekati, exhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwizondlo ezisuka enyameni kuphela kwaye ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo ezibalulekileyo ngokutya imifuno okanye i-vegan.
Kwimeko yeekati, ukunqongophala kweprotheyini yezilwanyana kunye nokuzama ukuzigcina ekutyeni okusekelwe kwizityalo kuphela kukhokelela, kungekudala okanye kamva, kwiingxaki ezinzulu zemetabolism, ukusilela, kunye nezifo ezinokubulala.
Ngaba iikati zingakutya ukutya kwezityalo?
Nangona kunjalo Ikati ngamanye amaxesha inokuginya ingca okanye imilinganiselo emincinci yemifuno (enceda ukucoca inkqubo yokwetyisa okanye ibonelele ngefiber), ezi zithako aziyonxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutya kwazo. Ngokwendalo, ekuphela komthombo wesityalo obalulekileyo udla ngokuvela kwimixholo yokugaya ixhoba le-herbivorous, ethi ikati idle ngokuyingenisa ngokupheleleyo. Lo mthombo sele utyiswe ngokuyinxenye kwaye ulungelelaniswe nomthamo wawo wokulinganisa.
Kubalulekile ukuyigxininisa loo nto Iicarbohydrate azibalulekanga ekutyeni kwekati.Enyanisweni, ukugqithisa kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ze-metabolic ezifana nokutyeba kakhulu okanye isifo seswekile, ezixhaphake kakhulu kwiikati ezihlala phantsi ezityiswa umgangatho ophantsi, ukutya okuziinkozo.
Kufuneka kuqulathe ntoni ukutya okufanelekileyo kwekati?
Ukuze ikati ibe sempilweni entle kwaye ikhule ngokufanelekileyo, ukutya kwayo kufuneka kusekelwe kule migaqo ilandelayo:
- Iiprotheyini zexabiso eliphezulu lebhayoloji: Ziphuma kwinyama, intlanzi, inyama yamalungu, namaqanda abilisiweyo. Kufuneka ibe yeyona nto iphambili yokutya kunye nomthombo wamandla.
- Amafutha ezilwanyana: Banika amandla kunye nee-acids ezinamafutha abalulekileyo, ayimfuneko kwimpilo yesikhumba, idyasi, ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nezitho zangaphakathi.
- Iivithamini kunye neeminerali eziyimfuneko: Okufana ne-taurine, i-vitamin A esele yenziwe ngaphambili, i-vitamin D, i-arachidonic acid kunye ne-arginine.
- Ukufuma: Iikati, ngokuzivelela kwezinto, zifumana amanzi amaninzi eziwafunayo kumaxhoba azo. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukongeza ukutya okomileyo ngokutya okumanzi okanye okutsha ukuthintela iingxaki zezintso, ezixhaphake kakhulu kwiikati ezondliwa ngokutya okomileyo kuphela.
- Ifayibha ephakathi: Inokuthi ibekho kwiimali ezincinci ukusuka kwimifuno ukuphucula ukuhamba kwamathumbu kunye nokukhusela iibhola zeenwele, ngakumbi kwiikati ezinde.
Kukutya okusemgangathweni okuthengiswayo, iilebhile kufuneka zibonise ukuba iprotheni yezilwanyana kwindawo yokuqala ekubunjweni, ukuphepha ukutya apho imifuno nge-imveliso okanye i-cereals ilawula.
Ukutya kwentengiso xa kuthelekiswa nokutya kwendalo okanye okwenziwa ekhaya
Imarike yangoku inikezela Ukutya okumanzi nokomileyo okwenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo iikati, isityebi kwiprotheni yezilwanyana eziphezulu kwaye zenziwe ngokwenqanaba lobomi, ubunzima, inqanaba lomsebenzi, kunye nemeko ethile (iikati, abadala, abadala, i-neutered, njl.). Kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe iimveliso ezinomxholo ophezulu wenyama kwaye ngaphandle kwezongezo ezigqithisileyo okanye iinkozo.
Kwelinye icala, kukho ezinye iindlela ezifana Ukutya kweBARF (Biologically Appropriate Raw Food), ukutya kwendalo okuphekiweyo, okanye izidlo ezixubeneyo, ezifuna ukulinganisa ukutya kwenkabi kwendaleko. Olu khetho lunokubonelela ngezibonelelo ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokunyuka komswakama, ukuphuculwa kokugaya, kunye nokunciphisa ukutya okucutshungulwayo, kodwa kufuna ukucwangciswa kunye nokulawulwa kwezilwanyana ukuze kugwenywe ukusilela kwezondlo.
kunjalo, Ukutya kwemifuno okanye i-vegan akufuneki kunikwe ikati, ekubeni umzimba wawo ungenakuphila ngaphandle kwezondlo zezilwanyana kuphela.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ikati ayifumani ukutya okwaneleyo?
Ukutya okungalunganga, okuphantsi kwiprotheyini yezilwanyana okanye ngokusekelwe kwizithako ezisekelwe kwizityalo, kunokubangela oku kulandelayo kwiikati:
- Ukunqongophala kweTaurine: Ibangela ubumfama kunye neengxaki ezinzulu zentliziyo (i-dilated cardiomyopathy).
- iingxaki zezintso kunye nomchamo: Ukutya okuphantsi komswakama kunye nokuphezulu kweeminerali ezingonelanga kwandisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwezintso kunye namatye omchamo.
- Ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nesifo seswekile: Iicarbohydrates ezigqithisileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila engenzi nto ikhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima kunye nokunganyamezeli kweglucose.
- Iinwele ezithambileyo kunye nolusu olomileyo: Ukunqongophala kwe-acid eyimfuneko kuchaphazela impilo yengubo kunye nokusebenza komzimba.
- Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso kunye nokukhula kakubi: Kwiikati kunye neekati ezincinci, ukutya okungaphelelanga kunokuchaphazela amathambo abo, imisipha kunye nophuhliso lwe-neurological.
Ngoko ke, Ukunyamekela inyama yekati kubalulekile kwimpilo-ntle yayo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide..
Ingaba ikati inokukhetha ukutya okwahlukileyo?
Ngaphakathi kweentlobo zeemazi zikhona Iiyantlukwano ezinkulu zomntu ngamnye ngokukhetha ukuthungwa, incasa, amaqondo obushushu, kunye nokuboniswa kokutyaOku kuphenjelelwa ngamava angaphambili, okusingqongileyo, umgangatho wezithako, kunye nofuzo. Ezinye iikati zisenokugatya incasa ethile okanye ukwakheka, ngelixa ezinye zinokukwamkela ngokuthe ngcembe ukutya okutsha. Kubalulekile ukwazisa utshintsho lokutya ngokuthe ngcembe ukuthintela ukwaliwa okanye iingxaki zokwetyisa.
Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha ukuziphatha kwabo kwendalo ngokubavumela ukuba balawule isixa sokutya abakutyayo, okoko nje kungekho zingxaki zempilo ezifuna ulawulo olungqongqo lobunzima.
Ziziphi iintlobo zeprotheyini kunye namafutha afanelekileyo kwiikati?
Ayizizo zonke iiproteni zezilwanyana ezenziwe zilingana. Olona khetho lungcono kwiikati zezo zemvelaphi yezilwanyana kunye ne-bioavailability ephezulu., njenge:
- Inyama ebhityileyo (inkukhu, i-turkey, inyama yenkomo, umvundla, imvana).
- Intlanzi (i-salmon, i-sardine, ityhuna; inikezelwa ngobungakanani obuphakathi ngenxa ye-mineral kunye ne-fatty acid content).
- I-Viscera (isibindi, intso, intliziyo: umthombo ongenakulinganiswa we-micronutrients, uhlala ulingana ngokufanelekileyo).
- Amaqanda abilisiwe (angaze ahlaza, ukuphepha umngcipheko webhaktheriya kunye nokuvala kwi-biotin absorption).
Amafutha afanelekileyo Ngokuqhelekileyo ziyimvelaphi yezilwanyana (inkukhu, idada, ingulube, intlanzi), ngelixa i-oyile yemifuno ingenzi umsebenzi ofanayo kwaye ayinako ukubonelela nge-fatty acids efunekayo.
Yeyiphi eyona ndlela yokondla ikati?
Inqanaba ngalinye lobomi beekati lineemfuno ezahlukeneyo:
- Iikati: Bafuna ukutya okuphezulu kwiprotheyini kunye neekhalori ukuxhasa ukukhula kwabo ngokukhawuleza.
- Iikati zabantu abadala: Ukutya kwakho kufuneka kulinganiswe, kulungiswe kwinqanaba lomsebenzi wakho kunye nesimo somzimba.
- Iikati ezisterilized: Bafuna ukutya okunamafutha amancinci kunye neekhalori ukuphepha ukutyeba.
- Iikati ezindala: Kungumbono olungileyo ukukhetha ukutya ekulula ukwetyisa kwaye kuqulethe izondlo ezinceda ukugcina ubunzima bezihlunu kunye nokusebenza kwezintso.
Umnikelo worhwebo wangoku ubandakanya ukutya okukhethekileyo kunye nokutya okumanzi kwinqanaba ngalinye kunye neenkcukacha zobomi bekati.
Ngokugcina ukutya okulungiselelwe indalo yekati yakho, unciphisa umngcipheko wezigulo eziqhelekileyo kwaye ube negalelo kubomi obude nobupheleleyo.
