El Ikati yasendle, ogama lakhe lezenzululwazi UFelis silvestris, yenye yeekati zasendle ezibangela umdla eYurophu, eAsia naseAfrika. Kucatshangelwa ukhokho wekati yasekhaya, esi silwanyana siye savela kwii-biotopes ezahlukeneyo, ukulungelelanisa kwiimeko ezinzima kunye nokuphuhlisa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezahlula kwizalamane zasekhaya. Kulo lonke eli nqaku siza kuchaza eyakho imbonakalo, ziphatha, indawo yokuhlala, ukondla kunye nemingeni ephambili ejongene nayo.
Ukuchongwa kunye neempawu zomzimba
I-bobcat yinyamakazi ephakathi ngokomlinganiselo othi xa uyijonga nje, ifane nekati yasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iiyantlukwano eziphambili eziyahlulahlula:
- U bunzima: Amadoda ngokuqhelekileyo anobunzima phakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-8 kg, ngelixa amabhinqa amancinci, aphakathi kwe-2,8 ukuya kwi-5 kg.
- I-Longitud: Umzimba wayo ulinganisa phakathi kwe-50 kunye ne-75 cm ubude, kunye nomsila oqinileyo we-26 ukuya kwi-35 cm.
- Uboya: Idyasi yayo inombala ongwevu kunye nemigca emnyama echazwe kakuhle, ilungele ukufihla. Umsila uphakathi kwamakhonkco amathathu kunye namahlanu amnyama, ophela ngencam emnyama ngokupheleleyo.
- Amehlo: Ngethoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inkangeleko yayo ingena kwaye ibonakalisa.
El uboya Ixinene kwaye ikhusela, ilungele ukumelana nobusika obubandayo, ngakumbi kwimimandla yase-Eurasia.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuhanjiswa
Ikati yasendle ihlala kwimimandla yamahlathi, amatyholo ashinyeneyo kunye namadlelo kude nemisebenzi yabantu. Yakhe sasazwa Ibanzi kwaye igubungela:
- Europe: Ukusuka eSkotlani ukuya eMpuma Yurophu, udlula kuSingasiqithi weIberia, apho uhlala khona ikakhulu kumahlathi eMeditera.
- Asia: Imimandla yeCaucasus, i-Asia Ephakathi kunye nomntla weChina.
- Afrika: Ikakhulu kwiindawo ezisemantla nakumazantsi e-Sahara, amatyholo kunye ne-chaparral.
Kuqwalaselwa njenge isilwanyana esikwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa kakhulu, kodwa uphephe imeko-bume yasezidolophini okanye imimandla yezolimo enobuntu kakhulu. I ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala Sisigrogriso esithe rhoqo kubemi bawo.
Ukuziphatha kunye nommandla
Ikati yasendle sisilwanyana esizimele sodwa kwaye sinomhlaba omkhulu.. Iinkunzi zinokuba nemimandla efikelela kwi-20 km², ngelixa iimazi zihlala zihlala kwindawo ezincinci. Ukumakisha indawo yabo, basebenzisa iindlela ezinje:
- Chama kwiindawo ezithile.
- Imikrwelo emithini.
- Idiphozithi yelindle kwiindawo ezibonakalayo okanye eziphakamileyo.
Zinjalo ngokusisiseko ubusuku kunye norhatya, nangona ebusika bayakwazi ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi wabo kwiiyure zasemini ngokuxhomekeke kwixhoba elikhoyo. Ubume babo obunqabileyo nobundlongondlongo bubakhokelela ekuphepheni naluphi na unxibelelwano nabantu okanye izisongelo ezibonwayo.
Ukuzala kunye nomjikelo wobomi
Ixesha lobushushu bekati yasendle lenzeka phakathi kobusika ekupheleni nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ezi felines zi abantu abanesithembu, yaye iqhelekile into yokuba imazi ikhwelwe ngamadoda aliqela ebudeni bexesha lokukhwelana. Imilo phakathi kwamadoda iyenzeka rhoqo kwaye imisela imigangatho.
Ukumitha kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-63 ukuya kwezingama-69, yaye iimazi zidla ngokuzala amantshontsho aphakathi kwe-1 ukuya kwa-8, ngokomlinganiselo abe ngama-3 okanye ama-4. Amathole azalelwa emingxunyeni, kwimingxunya yemithi okanye kwiintanda ezisematyeni, anobunzima obungama-200 kuphela. Ziwavula amehlo aphakathi kweentsuku ezili-10 nezili-12 ubudala yaye zixhomekeke kumama wazo de zibe neenyanga ezi-3 okanye ezi-4 ubudala.
Kwiinyanga ezili-10 bafikelela ukukhula ngokwesondo. Ngokwendalo, ubomi babo buhluka phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-12 iminyaka, nangona kwi- ukuthinjwa Bangadlula iminyaka eyi-15.
Ukutya
Ikati yasendle yinyama edla ngokungenela amathuba okutyayo kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo kunye nokufumaneka kwexhoba. Idla ngokubanzi:
- Iimpuku ezifana neempuku kunye ne-voles.
- Iintaka namaqanda azo.
- Izirhubuluzi kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini.
- Imivundla, ngakumbi kumazantsi eYurophu.
Ngamanye amaxesha bongeza ukutya kwabo inambuzane kunye neziqhamo ngexesha lekwindla. Nangona bengafane basebenze njengabangcolisi, zikho iingxelo zabantu abasebenzisa ithuba leentsalela zezilwanyana ezifileyo.
Izisongelo eziphambili
Nangona kungabikho ngokusemthethweni kwingozi yokuphela, abantu basendle bajongana nemingcipheko emininzi ebeka esichengeni ukusinda kwabo:
- Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala: Ukwandiswa kweedolophu nezolimo kunciphisa iindawo zayo zokuhlala zendalo.
- Ukudityaniswa neekati zasekhaya: Oku kunqumla kusongela ukucoceka kofuzo kolu didi.
- Ixhoba liyancipha: Ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane kunye neetyhefu kuye kwanciphisa inani leempuku nemivundla.
- Ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni: Nangona ingabonisi ingozi ngqo kuyo yonke imimandla, kusekho izenzo zobuntu ezichaphazela ulondolozo lwayo.
Okwangoku, i-wildcat ikhuselwe yi-CITES (iNkomfa yeZizwe ngeZizwe ngeZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni weZilwanyana kunye neeFlora) kunye neminye imithetho yasekhaya eYurophu naseAsia.
I-Eurasian yasendle
Ikati yasendle Luhlobo oluphambili lokuqonda ukuvela kwezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nezasendle. Ukukwazi kwakho uku ulungelelaniso kunye nokuchasana nemingeni yokusingqongileyo kuyenza ibe luphawu lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. I ulondolozo yolu didi ifuna iinzame ezidibeneyo nezinoxanduva zokukhusela indawo yazo yokuhlala kunye nokuyeka ukuxutywa kwemfuza.